The NEI uses UG1 cooperative agreement awards to support investigator-initiated large-scale clinical trials, human gene-transfer, stem cell therapy trials, and other complex or high resource- or safety-risk clinical trials. These projects are multifaceted and of high public health significance requiring clear delineation of study organization including roles and responsibilities and require careful performance oversight and monitoring. For purposes of this Notice of Funding Opportunity (NOFO), the proposed study must be intended to evaluate interventions aimed at screening, diagnosing, preventing, or treating vision disorders, or to compare the effectiveness of two or more established interventions. The NEI UG1-supported studies are typically funded as a group of single-component companion grant awards including the Chairs Grant, the Coordinating Center, and Resource Centers, when appropriate. Specifically, this NOFO encourages applications for the Chair's grant, which includes the scientific rationale, study aims and significance of the research project.